Here on Vancouver Island, we find these concretions mixed in with river rocks. They always form around some kind of fossil, so if you crack them open, you’ll find something inside. We have a fossil of a elasmosaur in our local museum; its head was discovered in side a concretion.

Hey John M, why don't you post it as a challenge at HeroX? I'd be happy to give you a hand developing it. And, we're giving away $1000 for the 10 best challenges that people create.

There are two possibilities for stars that could explode, real soon now: Eta Carinae and Betelgeuse. Both are ready to pop, and if they do, they'll be visible during the day time. No risk to us, though.

I've got another video about "What is the Universe Expanding Into" coming out in a few weeks.

Yeah, I wish I was a little more precise in my terms. I guess I'll have to do a follow-up on this. Sand on all the beaches versus stars in the observable Universe. Sand on Earth versus stars in the entire Universe...

Since the dawn of time, mankind has wished to move the Sun. Or destroy it? Block it out? I always get it confused.

You can use asteroid near misses to nudge the Earth into a slow outward spiral, so it's moving away from the Sun at the same rate that the temperature is increasing.

The planets would come along for the ride.

The only way we can ignite Jupiter is if we increase its mass about 90-fold. Crash 90 more Jupiters into Jupiter, and you'll have your new star.

The planets would come along for the ride.

What would stop Mercury from crashing into the Sun? Unless it's orbiting the Sun completely, it'll fall in.

You would orbit the reflector around to the other side of the star, and then it would start thrusting in the opposite direction, slowing its speed.

In fact, I was talking to a young woman the other day about names, and mentioned my problem with "that television show". She had no idea what I was talking about. :-)

That's a completely different video, I guess. "How fast are you moving when you're standing still?" Compared to the center of the Earth, the Moon, Sun, Milky Way, Great Attractor, cosmic microwave background, etc.