While there may still be differences of opinion about the classification of these dozens of non-Sinitic Chinese languages, their existence mitigates strongly against the use of expressions like “the Chinese language”. While Serruys’ conventional Sinological use of the word “dialect” is confusing, the import of his…

If they have a Mandarin-speaking friend who is willing to help, that’s great! Otherwise, they can place an ad in the local paper or online or investigate whether there are any pre-existing Mandarin conversation groups in the area. At the very least, if diplomatic or other considerations prevent us from making such an…